President Donald Trump scolded Big Oil in August, saying ExxonMobil and Chevron were making "too much money based on a shortage," as profits surged in the wake of the U.S.-Israeli war with Iran. Corporate results published this week laid out the windfall oil majors are continuing to get from tight fuel supplies and elevated refining margins amid global conflict. Shell , BP , TotalEnergies and Exxon reported sharply higher margins in their refined-products businesses, a gauge of the amount they earn from processing crude oil into gasoline, diesel and jet fuel.

Chevron does not report a comparable, standalone refining-margin figure, but it reported Friday that its downstream earnings more than quadrupled from a year earlier to $4.9 billion, with the company citing higher margins on refined-product sales. That's amid tight supplies of refined fuels and pressure on refinery output globally, despite oil firms reporting this week that they are running their facilities near capacity to try to meet demand.

Why supply is tight

Key issues include ongoing Ukrainian drone strikes on Russian refineries and disruptions to Middle East energy infrastructure and supply chains linked to the Iran war and Houthi attacks on Saudi Arabia. Those factors have compounded refinery closures in Europe and North America, even as new refining capacity has been added elsewhere. Around a quarter of refineries in the European Union have shut over the past two decades, European Commissioner for Energy and Housing Dan Jørgensen said this week, as he warned of a "crisis" of energy security.

Along with soaring refined product margins, higher crude oil prices have also supported earnings at some integrated oil majors, which operate both upstream oil-and-gas businesses and downstream refining operations. Their profits have climbed back toward levels last seen during the energy shock of 2022, following Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The earnings spikes are in sharp contrast to consumers facing higher energy prices.

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