Artificial intelligence researcher Jacob Coxon sent shock waves through Silicon Valley and beyond on Tuesday by announcing his resignation from Anthropic and delivering a grave warning that the AI race is putting all of our lives at risk. In his post on X, which now has more than 100 million views, Coxon wrote that many of the people building AI share his views and believe time is running out to ensure AI systems are built safely.

“The consensus is that the next year or two is crunch time for humanity,” Coxon, who worked on the pretraining stage of AI development, said in an interview with WIRED. “These are actually just literal quotes from my colleagues at Anthropic. They'll say things like ‘endgame’ or ‘crunch time,’” he says. “From their perspective, this is when Anthropic and its competitors decide the fate of humanity.”

It’s far from the first time someone has sounded the alarm about AI, but it comes at a delicate moment. Silicon Valley is scrambling to reckon with the safety and security concerns of advanced AI models. OpenAI has rushed to respond to a security incident in which its agents hacked the platform Hugging Face. Meanwhile, Anthropic is trying to assure investors it has these concerns under control as it reportedly prepares to file for what could be the largest IPO ever.

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What’s become clear in the response to Coxon’s post is that his views are indeed shared by many of his peers. Evan Hubinger, the AI alignment lead at Anthropic, predicted in a post on X that there’s a greater than 10 percent chance that AI could kill all people in the next decade. That post was reposted by current and former researchers from OpenAI and Anthropic, some of whom said it was a common sentiment in the industry.

What’s less obvious is how exactly these AI fears will come to pass and what the world is supposed to do about the concerns being raised by the people building AI. Coxon, who also worked at OpenAI, tells WIRED that threats could manifest through AI-enabled biological threats or cyberweapons. As a first step, he recommends that OpenAI and Anthropic coordinate on limiting recursive self improvement—the industry term for when AI is used to build new AI systems. Down the line, he thinks coordination among international power players, including the US and China, will be necessary.

Coxon notes that incidents like the Hugging Face hack factored into his decision to raise alarm bells on the AI race. He also cites the explosive growth of the industry: It now underwrites a meaningful share of US economic growth and has billions of users, while data centers have turned it into a political problem in dozens of states.

He claims that, in his experience, Anthropic operates more responsibly than OpenAI, but he expects both companies could cut corners in the future if nothing is done to slow their race for dominance.

“We have always been transparent that AI will bring both enormous benefits and unprecedented risks,” said an Anthropic spokesperson in a statement to WIRED, citing the company's previous work on AI safety methods such as mechanistic interpretability. “This work is also why we believe the world would benefit from the industry adopting a lawful, verifiable way to work together to pace how we release powerful models.” OpenAI did not return WIRED’s request for comment.